Enum Target 

pub enum Target {
    Concentration,
    AUCFromZero,
    AUCFromLastDose,
}

Target type for dose optimization

Specifies whether the optimization targets are drug concentrations at specific times or Area Under the Curve (AUC) values.

Examples

use pmcore::bestdose::Target;

// Optimize to achieve target concentrations
let target_type = Target::Concentration;

// Optimize to achieve target cumulative AUC from time 0
let target_type = Target::AUCFromZero;

// Optimize to achieve target interval AUC from last dose
let target_type = Target::AUCFromLastDose;

AUC Calculation Methods

The algorithm supports two AUC calculation approaches:

AUCFromZero (Cumulative AUC)

• Integrates from time 0 to the observation time
• Useful for total drug exposure assessment
• Formula: AUC(t) = ∫₀ᵗ C(τ) dτ

AUCFromLastDose (Interval AUC)

• Integrates from the last dose time to the observation time
• Useful for steady-state dosing intervals (e.g., AUCτ)
• Formula: AUC(t) = ∫ₜ_last_dose^t C(τ) dτ
• Automatically finds the most recent bolus/infusion before each observation

Both methods use trapezoidal rule on a dense time grid controlled by settings.predictions().idelta.

Variants

Concentration

Target concentrations at observation times

The optimizer finds doses to achieve specified concentration values at the observation times in the target subject.

Example Target Subject

let target = Subject::builder("patient")
    .bolus(0.0, 100.0, 0)        // Dose to optimize
    .observation(12.0, 10.0, 0)  // Target: 10 mg/L at 12h
    .observation(24.0, 5.0, 0)   // Target: 5 mg/L at 24h
    .build();

AUCFromZero

Target cumulative AUC values from time 0

The optimizer finds doses to achieve specified cumulative AUC values calculated from the beginning of the dosing regimen (time 0).

Example Target Subject

let target = Subject::builder("patient")
    .bolus(0.0, 100.0, 0)         // Dose to optimize
    .bolus(12.0, 100.0, 0)        // Second dose to optimize
    .observation(24.0, 400.0, 0)  // Target: AUC₀₋₂₄ = 400 mg·h/L
    .build();

Time Grid Resolution

Control the time grid density via settings:

settings.predictions().idelta = 15;  // 15-minute intervals

AUCFromLastDose

Target interval AUC values from last dose to observation

The optimizer finds doses to achieve specified interval AUC values calculated from the most recent dose before each observation. This is particularly useful for steady-state dosing intervals (AUCτ).

Example Target Subject

let target = Subject::builder("patient")
    .bolus(0.0, 200.0, 0)         // Loading dose (fixed at 200 mg)
    .bolus(12.0, 0.0, 0)          // Maintenance dose to optimize
    .observation(24.0, 200.0, 0)  // Target: AUC₁₂₋₂₄ = 200 mg·h/L
    .build();
// The observation at t=24h targets AUC from t=12h (last dose) to t=24h

Behavior

For each observation at time t:

• Finds the most recent bolus or infusion before time t
• Calculates AUC from that dose time to t
• If no dose exists before t, integrates from time 0

This allows different observations to have different integration intervals, each relative to their respective preceding dose.

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for Target

fn clone(&self) -> Target

Returns a duplicate of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Target

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Target

fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> Result<Self, __D::Error>

where __D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl PartialEq for Target

fn eq(&self, other: &Target) -> bool

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl Serialize for Target

fn serialize<__S>(&self, __serializer: __S) -> Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>

where __S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl Copy for Target

impl Eq for Target

impl StructuralPartialEq for Target